Pile and pile driving



Feb. 21, 1933. A ROTINQFF 1,898,397

FILE AND FILE DRIVING Filed June 24, 1950 i9 flitys.

Patented Feb. 21, 1933 PATENT OFFICE ALEXANDER GEORGE RO'IINOFF, F KINGSWAY, LONDON, ENGLAND FILE AND PILE DRIVING Application filed June24, 1930, Serial No.'463,507, and in Great Britain June 29, 1929.

This invention relates to piles and pile driving and has for its objectto provide an improved method of and means for constructing the pile andfor driving it into the ground.

The invention comprises the combination with a removable mandrel bywhich the pile shoe is'driven into the earth, of a hollow pile shaft (tobe filled in with concrete) built in situ around the'mandrel, with meansfor transmitting a portion of the driving force applied to the mandrelto the pile shaft and for cushioningsaid transmitted force.

The invention further comprises the formation of the pile from a shaftbuilt in situ around the removable driving mandrel and upon the shoedriven by said mandrel, with an anvil axially adjustable along themandrel to accommodate beneath it sections of 29 the pile shaft as it isbuilt up during the driving of the pile, with means for transmitting ascushioned blows a portion of the driving force applied to the mandrel tothe said anvil and pile shaft.

Referring to the-accompanying sheet of explanatory drawing Figure 1 isan elevation at the left hand side and a sectional elevation at theright hand side showing a pile being driven with 39 some sections of thepile shaft built around the driving mandrel.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the anvil at the left hand side and asectional plan view on the line A B of Figure 1 at the right hand side.

Figure 3 is a View similar to Figure 1 showing a modified constructionof pile.

Figure 4 is partly a plan view of the pile and partly a sectional planview on the line 40 C D of Figure 3.

The same reference letters in the different views indicate the same orsimilar parts.

In one convenient application of my invention, the shoe 0 is driven intothe earth by a mandrel b which may be of tubular, girder or othersuitable section, the shoe being sufiiciently larger in outsidedimensions than the mandrel so that ahollow pile shaft can be built upthereon around the mandrel. Such shaft may be formed from moulded orprecast tubular units or sections 0 as shown in Figure 1, or from bricksd as shown in Figure 3. After a short length of the shaft has been builtup or assembled upon the shoe, the nut e which can be secured to themandrel at varying heights is secured thereto by suitable means such ashereinafter more particularly described, at a short distance above theupper end ofthe built-up section of the pile shaft; between the nut eand collars or rings f and f upon the top of such section, woodendollies g or springs may be'interposed to cushion the blows transmittedto the pile shaft from the hammer 2 and so prevent damage to the pileshaft. it

In Figure 1, the nut c which can be threadedalong the thread it on themandrel b is secured thereto at any desired height and so as to transmitthe blows applied to the mandrel partly to the rings f and f with thedollies between. The pile shafttherefore receives cushioned blows fromthe mandrel. The hammer 2 imparts blows in the usual way to the dolly 3in the dolly holder 4: at the top of the mandrel.

In Figure 3 a cotter 5 through the mandrel transmits a portion of theblow of the hammer 2 to the pile shaft by way of the two parts e, ewhich screw into one another so as to provide for an adjustment in theiroverall axial length to vary the pressure between the cotter and thepile shaft. The dollies g cushion the blows as in the previousconstruction. If the pile shaft is built up from bricks or the like asshown in Figures 3 and 4, although they may be interlocked and grouted,they might become displaced during driving before they enter and areencircled by the ground, indicated at 2'. To prevent this a stationarycollar or sleeve like part j maybe arranged to encircle the part of thepile shaft above the ground to prevent such displacement. The sleeve maybe divided at is; and the two ends be bolted together. Hinges at m allowthe sleeve to be opened 9 and closed. -Asthe pile shaft is driven downinto the earth, the nut e is re-adjusted in position along the mandrel bandv further sections 0 or rows of bricks inserted beneath the anvil; r1

The collar 7 constitutes an anvil to which blows are applied by thecollar 7, Figure 1, or 0 Figure 8, which is in rigid engagement with thepart 0, Figure 1, or 5, Figure 3, which is movable to differentpositions along the mandrel Z) according to the axial length of the pilesections beneath the anvil. In Figure 3, the parts 6 and e whilstaxially extensible by threading the one out of the other, always providefor the direct rigid connection between the part removably secured tothe mandrel and the part c by which the blows are applied to the anvillVhen driving is completed, the mandrel. Z) is withdrawn and the pileshaft filled in with concrete.

By the employment of my invention, I am enabled to produce a pile in aneconomical manner, for the pile shaft is built up in situ by units of astandard type and damage thereto during driving is prevented by themeans for proportioning the force of the anvil blows received by thesaid shaft and for cushioning the blows.

That I claim is 1. A pile driving equipment including a mandrel, apreformed pile casing surrounding the mandrel, a collar above saidcasing loose around the mandrel, screw threaded means around the mandrelwhereby rotation of the means around the mandrel will cause relativevertical movement between the means and the mandrel to cause the collarto press upon the top of the casing, and hammer means operative on themandrel and through the mandrel, the screw-threaded means and collar onto the pile casing.

2. A pile driving equipment including a shoe, a mandrel and a pilecasing normally resting on said shoe, a collar loosely fitted around themandrel and above the pile casing, means adjustable lengthwise of themandrel and then firmly held in its various adjusted positions on themandrel from movement lengthwise thereof whereby said collar may becaused to rest on said casing and hold the same on said shoe and hammermeans operative on the end of said mandrel the force of which will betransmitted directly through said mandrel to said shoe and indirectlythrough said vertically fixed means, collar and casing to said shoe.

3. A pile driving equipment comprising a mandrel, a shoe on which themandrel rests, said shoe at its top being of greater diameter than themandrel, a pile casing around the mandrel and resting on the shoe, meansadjustable on the mandrel and in its adjusted positions being rigidlyheld by the mandrel from "ertical movement relative to the mandrel, acollar below said means free to move vertically on said mandrel, saidcollar being held immovable upwardly relative to said mandrel by saidmeans whereby when the mandrel is downwardly driven, said means willcause downward movement of said collar to carry downwardly with themandrel said pile casing with the shoe.

4. In a pile driving equipment, a shoe, a mandrel adapted to rest on thetop of the shoe, a pile shaft built up of precast sections surroundingthe mandrel and resting on the top of the shoe, a collar having a groovetherein around the mandrel resting on top of said sections, a shockabsorber in said groove in the collar, a second collar resting on theshock absorber and free to move on the mandrel, and means rigidlyattachable to the mandrel whereby when so attached a hammer blow on themandrel will cause said means and said collars to force down said tileshaft to maintain its position on the top of said shoe, said means beingreleasable on said mandrel to allow different heights of said pile shaftto be inserted between said collar and shoe.

5. A pile driving equipment comprising a shoe, a mandrel on the shoe anda precast casing surrounding the mandrel, a collar having its internaldiameter larger than the external diameter of the mandrel fitting aroundsaid mandrel, means extending laterally from said mandrel, said meansbeing movable up or down around said mandrel and then firmly fixed inplace so as to be immovable vertically relative to said mandrel to allowdifferent length sections of the precast shaft to be inserted betweensaid collar and said shoe and to t 'ansmit the force of blows on top ofthe mandrel through the mandrel and through the laterally extendingmeans and the collar to the sectional easing.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ALEXANDER GEORGE ROTINOFF.

